They give out pit lane speeding penalties in F1 too. When I started watching F1, there were no pit lane speed limits, but it was inevitable that they'd be introduced as the cars got faster and more attention was paid to safety. They initially brought in a 100km/h (62mph) limit in 2004, and reduced it to 80km/h (50mph) in 2017. Some circuits, such as Monaco, have a 60km/h (37mph) limit due to shortness or narrowness.
F1 pit lanes are quite different to NASCAR, both in design and the amount of equipment and personnel that you'll find there. Refuelling was stopped a while ago now, so pit stops are generally just for tire changes, which are often achieved in around two seconds.
Here's a video I found of some pit lane incidents, most from many years ago. The driver whose car catches fire in the last clip is Jos Verstappen, Max's father. As far as I know, he didn't suffer any lasting injuries.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWfUg5ja90k